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政治自由與肚子溫飽孰重?!

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                        希望重視基本自由的香港人,可以與日俱增。

第十週上課的提綱與討論

閱讀內容

羅爾斯1990年所寫的修正版序言(1999: xii-xiii)。(重申政治自由的優先性)

82.自由優先性的依據(The Grounds For The Priority Of Liberty),可以比較1971年版與1999年版的不同。

 

參考資料

1973H. L. A. Hart, “Rawls on Liberty and Its Priority”

1982J. Rawls, “The Basic Liberties and Their Priority”

 

一、第一堂課的文本閱讀

1.Rawls1971年版本中認為:

Now the basis for the priority of liberty is roughly as follows: as the conditions of civilization improve, the marginal significance for our good of further economic and social advantages diminishes relative to the interests of liberty, which become stronger as the conditions for the exercise of the equal freedoms are more fully realized. Beyond some point it becomes and then remain irrational from the standpoint of the original position to acknowledge a lesser liberty for the sakeof greater material means and amenities of office.

1971: 542

 

2.新的修訂版,Rawls放棄以上論證,轉而訴求一個自由人理念。自由人對於兩種道德能力,有最高序的關懷,分別是:

Their capacity for a sense of justice and their capacity for a conception of the good

(1999: xii)

而基本自由正是保證這種最高序關懷的必要條件。

 

二、第二堂討論的主題:

HartRawls基本自由優先性的質疑,反應了現實社會的真實面貌:

立約者為何不會為了換取較大的物質享受,而自願放棄一部份政治自由,接受一個較為獨裁的政府?

香港特首普選問題,其核心關鍵可能就在此。

 

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